Fig. 3
From: Cerebrospinal fluid and the early brain development of autism
Infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) had abnormally increased extra-axial CSF by 6 months, which remained significantly elevated through 24 months. [Least squares means are adjusted for age, sex, total cerebral volume, and scan site. Error bars ± 1 SEM. *p = .005 vs. both control groups (high risk-negative and vs. low risk-negative). Percent differences and Cohen’s d effect sizes are calculated in relation to the high risk-negative group.] (Adapted from Shen et al. [20])