Fig. 1

Associative memory task. Encoding task performed by participants. a Participants viewed object-scene pairs in the scanner for 2 s with 4–10-s fixations, making a 1–3 discrimination of how well the two go together. After a 20-min delay, participants completed a recognition task outside of the scanner requiring that they b first identify if a presented object was new or old and then c which scene was paired with the object during the in-scanner encoding