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Table 2 Comparison of characteristics across children with and without sleep difficulties

From: Sleep disturbances are associated with greater healthcare utilization in children with autism spectrum disorder

Sociodemographic Variables

No Sleep difficulties

(CHSQ < 48)

n = 284

Sleep difficulties

(CSHQ ≥ 48)

n = 257

P-Valuea

Age (years)b

4.03 (1.8)

4.34 (1.8)

0.0394

Sex

  

0.8763

 Male

225 (79.2%)

205 (79.8%)

 

 Female

59 (20.8%)

52 (20.2%)

 

Ethnic Origin

  

0.0101

 Jewish

230 (83.9%)

186 (73.8%)

 

 Bedouin

39 (14.2%)

62 (24.6%)

 

 Other

5 (1.8%)

4 (1.6%)

 

Cognitive Scoresb

76.46 (17.2)

74.92 (19.6)

0.5275

ADOS-2 CSS

6.67 (2.3)

6.94 (2.3)

0.1906

DSM-V A

   

Mild

36 (14.0%)

31 (13.0%)

0.1955

Moderate

112 (43.4%)

89 (37.2%)

 

Severe

110 (42.6%)

119 (49.8%)

 

DSM-V B

  

0.0278

Mild

47 (18.3%)

37 (15.5%)

 

Moderate

130 (50.6%)

101 (42.3%)

 

Severe

80 (31.1%)

101 (42.3%)

 
  1. Abbreviations: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd edition (ADOS-2), Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ),
  2. Values are numbers of participants with percentages in parentheses, unless specified otherwise
  3. a, Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables, and χ2 test/fisher’s exact test for categorical variables
  4. b, Data are means ± standard deviations