Sleep disturbances are associated with greater healthcare utilization in children with autism spectrum disorder

Table 4 Comparison of medication usage between ASD children with and without sleep difficulties

Prescribed Medications^a	No Sleep difficulties (CHSQ < 48) n = 284	Sleep difficulties (CSHQ ≥ 48) n = 257	P-Value
Any Medications	93 (32.7%)	117 (45.5%)	0.0031^b
Medications for Sleep Difficulties	23 (8.1%)	39 (15.2%)	0.0145^b
Medications, Excluding those for Sleep Difficulties	80 (28.2%)	95 (37.0%)	0.0364^b
Asthma/Pulmonary Disorders	30 (10.6%)	30 (11.7%)	0.7845^b
ADHD	30 (10.6%)	26 (10.1%)	0.9769^b
Mental and Mood Conditions	14 (4.9%)	25 (9.7%)	0.0468^b
Nutrient Deficiencies	14 (4.9%)	20 (7.8%)	0.2349^b
Food supplements	9 (3.2%)	16 (6.2%)	0.1373^b
Seizure Disorders	6 (2.1%)	8 (3.1%)	0.6451^b

Abbreviations: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Values are numbers of participants with percentages in parentheses
^a Medications were grouped based on primary clinical use (Supplementary Table S1)
^b Pearson Chi-Square test. ^c Fisher-Exact test

ISSN: 1866-1955