Table 2 DSM-5 clinical diagnoses, intellectual level and autism symptoms. (N = 70, unless otherwise specified)
Variable (sample size) | N | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
DSM-5 clinical diagnoses: | Intellectual Disability | 69 | 98.6% | |
Motor Coordination Disorder/ Dyspraxia | 65 | 92.9% | ||
Autism Spectrum Disorder | 20 | 28.6% | ||
Bipolar Disorder | current | 10 | 14.3% | |
lifetime | 12 | 17.1% | ||
ADHD | 8 | 11.4% | ||
Oppositional Defiant Disorder | 2 | 2.9% | ||
Depression | 1 | 1.4% | ||
Generalized anxiety, panic disorder, simple phobia | 1 | 1.4% | ||
Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder | 1 | 1.4% | ||
Intellectual level | Borderline (70–79) | 1 | 1.4% | |
Cognitive disability (IQ < 70) | 5 | 7.1% | ||
Not testable | 64 | 91.4% | ||
DSM-5 ASD severity level (N = 20) | Requiring support | 4 | 20.0% | |
Requiring substantial support | 8 | 40.0% | ||
Requiring very substantial support | 8 | 40.0% | ||
ADOS-2 diagnosis (N = 39) | Out of the spectrum | 14 | 35.9% | |
ASD spectrum NOT autism | 7 | 17.9% | ||
Autism | 18 | 46.2% | ||
ADI-R B: verbal / non-verbal (N = 47) | Non-verbal | 34 | 72.3% | |
Verbal | 13 | 27.7% | ||
Motor stereotypies | Absent | 13 | 18.6% | |
Present | 57 | 81.4% | ||
Insistence on sameness | Absent | 26 | 37.1% | |
Present | 44 | 62.9% | ||
Restricted interests | Absent | 43 | 61.4% | |
Present | 27 | 38.6% | ||
Sensory hypersensitivity (N = 69) | No hypersensitivity | 47 | 68.1% | |
Hypersensitivity to sound | 18 | 26.1% | ||
Hypersensitivity to touch | 2 | 2.9% | ||
Both sound and touch or other senses | 2 | 2.9% | ||
Pain sensitivity | Normal or increased | 14 | 20.0% | |
Decreased | 56 | 80.0% | ||
Self-stimulation | Absent | 20 | 28.6% | |
Visual | 2 | 2.9% | ||
Auditory | 3 | 4.3% | ||
Tactile | 6 | 8.6% | ||
Taste/smell | 21 | 30.0% | ||
Mixed (two or more sensory channels) | 18 | 25.7% | ||