Table 1 Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics for children included in study cohort
Variable |  | No UFAs (Controls) (n = 83) | Any UFA (Cases) (n = 43) | P values# | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SM (n = 26) * | SA (n = 20) * | |||||
Sociodemographic background | ||||||
Ethnicity (Jewish) | No. (%) | 60(72.3) | 33(76.7) | 1.00 a | ||
| Â | 20(76.9) | 14(70.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Sex (male) | No. (%) | 68(81.9) | 30(69.8) | 0.360 a | ||
| Â | Â | 17(65.4) | 15(75.0) | 0.228 | 1.00 | |
Pregnancy and birth details | ||||||
Mother’s age (years) | Mean ± SD | 29.4 ± 6.3 | 29.3 ± 5.5 | 1.00b | ||
|  | 28.4 ± 5.7 | 30.5 ± 4.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Gestational age at birth (weeks) | Mean ± SD | 38.9 ± 2.1 | 39.1 ± 1.6 | 1.00b | ||
|  | 39.5 ± 1.4 | 38.5 ± 1.7 | 0.933 | 1.00 | ||
C section | No. (%) | 19(25.0) | 13(32.5) | 1.00 a | ||
| Â | 6(23.1) | 8(47.1) | 1.00 | 0.249c | ||
Birth weight (g) | Mean ± SD | 3181 ± 611 | 3165 ± 563 | 1.00b | ||
|  | 3073 ± 541 | 3169 ± 603 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
1-min low APGAR score (< 7) | No. (%) | 7(20.6) | 3(14.3) | 1.00a | ||
| Â | 2(15.5) | 1(9.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Ultrasound details | ||||||
Gestation age assessed by last menstrual period | No. (%) | 50(70.4) | 25(73.5) | 1.00a | ||
| Â | 15(68.2) | 13(86.7) | 1.00 | 1.00c | ||
Gestational age at ultrasound (weeks) | Mean ± SD | 23.7 ± 3.3 | 23.5 ± 2.9 | 1.00b | ||
|  | 22.9 ± 1.9 | 24.3 ± 3.6 | 0.291 | 1.00 | ||
Breech presentation on ultrasound scan | No. (%) | 22(28.2) | 10(25.6) | 1.00a | ||
| Â | 8(30.8) | 3(18.8) | 1.00 | 1.00c | ||
Normal amniotic fluid | No. (%) | 80(96.4) | 41(95.3) | 1.000 c | ||
| Â | 24(92.3) | 19(95.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Clinical severity | ||||||
Diagnosis age (years) | Mean ± SD | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 0.363 b | ||
|  | 3.1 ± 1.4 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 0.459 | 1.00 | ||
Cognitive score (IQ) | Mean ± SD | 74.8 ± 16.4 | 80.3 ± 16.6 | 0.659 b | ||
|  | 82.4 ± 19.1 | 74.8 ± 13.3 | 0.477 | 1.00 | ||
PLS score | Mean ± SD | 61.7 ± 20.6 | 74.5 ± 24.1 | 0. 237 b | ||
|  | 82.2 ± 25.3 | 57.7 ± 11.5 | 0.141 | 1.00 | ||
ADOS Comparison Score | Median (IQR) | 8(6–9) | 8.5(6.75-10) | 0.783 d | ||
|  | 8.5(6.25–9.75) | 8.5(6.75-10) | 0.627 | |||
DSM5-A (Social Domain), no. (%) | RS | 6(8.3) | 4(12.5) | 1.00a | ||
3(15.8) | 2(12.5) | |||||
RSS | 25(34.7) | 8(25.0) | ||||
3(15.8) | 6(37.5) | 0.693 | 1.00 | |||
RVSS | 41(56.9) | 20(62.5) | ||||
13(68.4) | 8(50.0) | |||||
DSM5-B (Restrictive-Repetitive Domain), No. (%) | RS | 8(11.1) | 4(12.5) | 1.00a | ||
3(15.8) | 1(6.3) | |||||
RSS | 36(50.0) | 16(50.0) | ||||
9(47.4) | 9(56.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
RVSS | 28(38.9) | 12(37.5) | ||||
7(36.8) | 6(37.5) | |||||